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Q111. XSS attacks occur on Web pages that do not perform appropriate bounds checking on data entered by users. Characters like < > that mark the beginning/end of a tag should be converted into HTML entities.
What is the correct code when converted to html entities?
A. Option A
B. Option B
C. Option C
D. Option D
Answer: D
Q112. Several of your co-workers are having a discussion over the etc/passwd file. They are at odds over what types of encryption are used to secure Linux passwords.(Choose all that apply.
A. Linux passwords can be encrypted with MD5
B. Linux passwords can be encrypted with SHA
C. Linux passwords can be encrypted with DES
D. Linux passwords can be encrypted with Blowfish
E. Linux passwords are encrypted with asymmetric algrothims
Answer: ACD
Explanation: Linux passwords are enrcypted using MD5, DES, and the NEW addition Blowfish. The default on most linux systems is dependant on the distribution, RedHat uses MD5, while slackware uses DES. The blowfish option is there for those who wish to use it. The encryption algorithm in use can be determined by authconfig on RedHat-based systems, or by reviewing one of two locations, on PAM-based systems (Pluggable Authentication Module) it can be found in /etc/pam.d/, the system-auth file or authconfig files. In other systems it can be found in /etc/security/ directory.
Q113. What does black box testing mean?
A. You have full knowledge of the environment
B. You have no knowledge of the environment
C. You have partial knowledge of the environment
Answer: B
Explanation: Black box testing is conducted when you have no knowledge of the environment. It is more time consuming and expensive.
Q114. Which definition below best describes a covert channel?
A. Making use of a Protocol in a way it was not intended to be used
B. It is the multiplexing taking place on communication link
C. It is one of the weak channels used by WEP that makes it insecure
D. A Server Program using a port that is not well known
Answer: A
Explanation: A covert channel is a hidden communication channel not intended for information transfer at all. Redundancy can often be used to communicate in a covert way. There are several ways that hidden communication can be set up.
Q115. John is discussing security with Jane. Jane had mentioned to John earlier that she suspects an LKM has been installed on her server. She believes this is the reason that the server has been acting erratically lately. LKM stands for Loadable Kernel Module.
What does this mean in the context of Linux Security?
A. Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding functionality to a file system without requiring a kernel recompilation.
B. Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding functionality to an operating-system kernel after it has been recompiled and the system rebooted.
C. Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding auditing to an operating-system kernel without requiring a kernel recompilation.
D. Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding functionality to an operating-system kernel without requiring a kernel recompilation.
Answer: D
Explanation: Loadable Kernel Modules, or LKM, are object files that contain code to extend the running kernel, or so-called base kernel, without the need of a kernel recompilation. Operating systems other than Linux, such as BSD systems, also provide support for LKM's. However, the Linux kernel generally makes far greater and more versatile use of LKM's than other systems. LKM's are typically used to add support for new hardware, filesystems or for adding system calls. When the functionality provided by an LKM is no longer required, it can be unloaded, freeing memory.
Q116. Nathan is testing some of his network devices. Nathan is using Macof to try and flood the ARP cache of these switches. If these switches' ARP cache is successfully flooded, what will be the result?
A. The switches will drop into hub mode if the ARP cache is successfully flooded.
B. If the ARP cache is flooded, the switches will drop into pix mode making it less susceptible to attacks.
C. Depending on the switch manufacturer, the device will either delete every entry in its ARP cache or reroute packets to the nearest switch.
D. The switches will route all traffic to the broadcast address created collisions.
Answer: A
Q117. You find the following entries in your web log. Each shows attempted access to either root.exe or cmd.exe. What caused this?
GET /scripts/root.exe?/c+dir GET /MSADC/root.exe?/c+dir GET /c/winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /d/winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /scripts/..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /_vti_bin/..%5c../..%5c../..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /_mem_bin/..%5c../..%5c../..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /msadc/..%5c../..%5c../..%5c/..xc1x1c../..xc1x1c../..xc1x1c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /scripts/..xc1x1c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /scripts/..xc0/../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /scripts/..xc0xaf../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /scripts/..xc1x9c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /scripts/..%35c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /scripts/..%35c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /scripts/..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir GET /scripts/..%2f../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir
A. The Morris worm
B. The PIF virus
C. Trinoo
D. Nimda
E. Code Red
F. Ping of Death
Answer: D
Explanation: The Nimda worm modifies all web content files it finds. As a result, any user browsing web content on the system, whether via the file system or via a web server, may download a copy of the worm. Some browsers may automatically execute the downloaded copy, thereby, infecting the browsing system. The high scanning rate of the Nimda worm may also cause bandwidth denial-of-service conditions on networks with infected machines and allow intruders the ability to execute arbitrary commands within the Local System security context on machines running the unpatched versions of IIS.
Q118. The GET method should never be used when sensitive data such as credit card is being sent to a CGI program. This is because any GET command will appear in the URL, and will be logged by any servers. For example, let's say that you've entered your credit card information into a form that uses the GET method. The URL may appear like this:
https://www.xsecurity-bank.com/creditcard.asp?cardnumber=453453433532234
The GET method appends the credit card number to the URL. This means that anyone with access to a server log will be able to obtain this information. How would you protect from this type of attack?
A. Never include sensitive information in a script
B. Use HTTPS SSLv3 to send the data instead of plain HTTPS
C. Replace the GET with POST method when sending data
D. Encrypt the data before you send using GET method
Answer: C
Q119. John wants to try a new hacking tool on his Linux System. As the application comes from a site in his untrusted zone, John wants to ensure that the downloaded tool has not been Trojaned. Which of the following options would indicate the best course of action for John?
A. Obtain the application via SSL
B. Obtain the application from a CD-ROM disc
C. Compare the files’ MD5 signature with the one published on the distribution media
D. Compare the file’s virus signature with the one published on the distribution media
Answer: C
Explanation: In essence, MD5 is a way to verify data integrity, and is much more reliable than checksum and many other commonly used methods.
Q120. Hampton is the senior security analyst for the city of Columbus in Ohio. His primary responsibility is to ensure that all physical and logical aspects of the city's computer network are secure from all angles. Bill is an IT technician that works with Hampton in the same IT department. Bill's primary responsibility is to keep PC's and servers up to date and to keep track of all the agency laptops that the company owns and lends out to its employees. After Bill setup a wireless network for the agency, Hampton made sure that everything was secure. He instituted encryption, rotating keys, turned off SSID broadcasting, and enabled MAC filtering. According to agency policy, only company laptops are allowed to use the wireless network, so Hampton entered all the MAC addresses for those laptops into the wireless security utility so that only those laptops should be able to access the wireless network.
Hampton does not keep track of all the laptops, but he is pretty certain that the agency only purchases Dell laptops. Hampton is curious about this because he notices Bill working on a Toshiba laptop one day and saw that he was on the Internet. Instead of jumping to conclusions, Hampton decides to talk to Bill's boss and see if they had purchased a Toshiba laptop instead of the usual Dell. Bill's boss said no, so now Hampton is very curious to see how Bill is accessing the Internet. Hampton does site surveys every couple of days, and has yet to see any outside wireless network signals inside the company's building.
How was Bill able to get Internet access without using an agency laptop?
A. Bill spoofed the MAC address of Dell laptop
B. Bill connected to a Rogue access point
C. Toshiba and Dell laptops share the same hardware address
D. Bill brute forced the Mac address ACLs
Answer: B