A Review Of Refined GSNA Exam Guide

NEW QUESTION 1

A Cisco router can have multiple connections to networks. These connections are known as interfaces for Cisco Routers. For naming each interface, Cisco generally uses the type of interface as part of the name. Which of the following are true about the naming conventions of Cisco Router interfaces?

• A. An interface connected to a serial connection always starts with an S.
• B. An interface connected to a Token Ring segment always starts with To.
• C. An Ethernet interface that is fast always starts with an F.
• D. An interface connected to an Ethernet segment of the network always starts with an En.

Answer: ABC

Explanation:

A Cisco router can have multiple connections to networks. These connections are known as interfaces for Cisco Routers. For naming each interface, Cisco generally uses the type of interface as part of the name. Following are some of the naming conventions of Cisco Router interfaces: An Ethernet interface that is fast always starts with an F. An interface connected to a serial connection always starts with an S. An interface connected to an Ethernet segment of the network always starts with an E. An interface connected to a Token Ring segment always starts with To.

NEW QUESTION 2

Which of the following internal control components provides the foundation for the other components and encompasses such factors as management's philosophy and operating style?

• A. Information and communication
• B. Risk assessment
• C. Control activities
• D. Control environment

Answer: D

Explanation:
COSO defines internal control as, "a process, influenced by an entity's board of directors, management, and other personnel, that is designed to provide reasonable assurance in the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, reliability of financial reporting, and the compliance of applicable laws and regulations". The auditor evaluates the organization's control structure by understanding the organization's five interrelated control components, which are as follows:
* 1. Control Environment: It provides the foundation for the other components and encompasses such factors as management's philosophy and operating style.
* 2. Risk Assessment: It consists of risk identification and analysis.
* 3. Control Activities: It consists of the policies and procedures that ensure employees carry out management's directions. The types of control activities an organization must implement are preventative controls (controls intended to stop an error from occurring), detective controls (controls intended to detect if an error has occurred), and mitigating controls (control activities that can mitigate the risks associated with a key control not operating effectively).
* 4. Information and Communication: It ensures the organization obtains pertinent information, and then communicates it throughout the organization.
* 5. Monitoring: It involves reviewing the output generated by control activities and conducting special evaluations. In addition to understanding the organization's control components, the auditor must also evaluate the organization's General and Application controls. There are three audit risk components: control risk, detection risk, and inherent risk.

NEW QUESTION 3

You work as a Network Administrator for Infonet Inc. The company's network has an FTP server. You want to secure the server so that only authorized users can access it. What will you do to accomplish this?

• A. Disable anonymous authentication.
• B. Stop the FTP service on the server.
• C. Disable the network adapter on the server.
• D. Enable anonymous authentication.

Answer: A

Explanation:

You will have to disable anonymous authentication. This will prevent unauthorized users from accessing the FTP server. Anonymous authentication (anonymous access) is a method of authentication for Websites. Using this method, a user can establish a Web connection to the IIS server without providing a username and password. Hence, this is an insecure method of authentication. This method is generally used to permit unknown users to access the Web or FTP server directories. Answer D is incorrect. Enabling anonymous authentication will allow all the users to access the server. Answer B is incorrect. Stopping the FTP service on the server will prevent all the users from accessing the FTP server. Answer C is incorrect. Disabling the network adapter on the FTP server will disconnect the server from the network.

NEW QUESTION 4

You work as a Software Developer for UcTech Inc. You build an online book shop, so that users can purchase books using their credit cards. You want to ensure that only the administrator can access the credit card information sent by users. Which security mechanism will you use to accomplish the task?

• A. Confidentiality
• B. Data integrity
• C. Authentication
• D. Authorization

Answer: A

Explanation:

Confidentiality is a mechanism that ensures that only the intendeA, Duthorized recipients are able to read data. The data is so encrypted that even if an unauthorized user gets access to it, he will not get any meaning out of it. Answer D is incorrect. Authorization is a process that verifies whether a user has permission to access a Web resource. A Web server can restrict access to some of its resources to only those clients that log in using a recognized username and password. To be authorized, a user must first be authenticated. Answer C is incorrect. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user. This is usually done using a user name and password. This process compares the provided user name and password with those stored in the database of an authentication server. Answer B is incorrect. Data integrity is a mechanism that ensures that the data is not modified during transmission from source to destination. This means that the data received at the destination should be exactly the same as that sent from the source.

NEW QUESTION 5

From an auditing perspective, database security can be broken down into four key categories: Server Security Database Connections Table Access Control Restricting Database Access Which of the following categories leads to the process of limiting access to the database server?

• A. Table access control
• B. Database connections
• C. Restricting database access
• D. Server security

Answer: D

Explanation:

Server security is the process of limiting access to the database server. This is one of the most basic and most important components of database security. It is imperative that an organization not let their database server be visible to the world. If an organization's database server is supplying information to a web server, then it should be configured to allow connections only from that web server. Also, every server should be configured to allow only trusted IP addresses. Answer B is incorrect. With regard to database connections, system administrators should not allow immediate unauthenticated updates to a database. If users are allowed to make updates to a database via a web page, the system administrator should validate all updates to make sure that they are warranted and safe. Also, the system administrator should not allow users to use their designation of "sa" when accessing the database. This gives employees complete access to all of the data stored on the database regardless of whether or not they are authenticated to have such access. Answer A is incorrect. Table access control is related to an access control list, which is a table that tells a computer operating system which access rights each user has to a particular system object. Table access control has been referred to as one of the most overlooked forms of database security. This is primarily because it is so difficult to apply. In order to properly use table access control, the system administrator and the database developer need to collaborate with each other. Answer C is incorrect. Restricting database access is important especially for the companies that have their databases uploaded on the Internet. Internet-based databases have been the most recent targets of attacks, due to their open access or open ports. It is very easy for criminals to conduct a "port scan" to look for ports that are open that popular database systems are using by default. The ports that are used by default can be changed, thus throwing off a criminal looking for open ports set by default. Following are the security measures that can be implemented to prevent open access from the Internet: Trusted IP addresses: Servers can be configured to answer pings from a list of trusted hosts only. Server account disabling: The server ID can be suspended after three password attempts. Special tools: Products can be used to send an alert when an external server is attempting to breach the system's security. One such example is RealSecure by ISS.

NEW QUESTION 6

Which of the following wireless security features provides the best wireless security mechanism?

• A. WEP
• B. WPA with 802.1X authentication
• C. WPA
• D. WPA with Pre Shared Key

Answer: B

Explanation:

WPA with 802.1X authentication provides best wireless security mechanism. 802.1X authentication, also known as WPA-Enterprise, is a security mechanism for wireless networks. 802.1X provides port-based authentication, which involves communications between a supplicant, authenticator, and authentication server. The supplicant is often software on a client device, the authenticator is a wired Ethernet switch or wireless access point, and an authentication server is generally a RADIUS database. The authenticator acts like a security guard to a protected network. The supplicant (client device) is not allowed access through the authenticator to the protected side of the network until the supplicant's identity is authorized. With 802.1X port-based authentication, the supplicant provides credentials, such as user name/password or digital certificate, to the authenticator, and the authenticator forwards the credentials to the authentication server for verification. If the credentials are valid, the supplicant (client device) is allowed to access resources located on the protected side of the network.

Answer A is incorrect. Wired equivalent privacy (WEP) uses the stream cipher RC4 (Rivest Cipher). WEP uses the Shared Key Authentication, since both the access point and the wireless device possess the same key. Attacker with enough Initialization Vectors can crack the key used and gain full access to the network. Answer D is incorrect. WPA-PSK is a strong encryption where encryption keys are automatically changed (called rekeying) and authenticated between devices after a fixed period of time, or after a fixed number of packets has been transmitted. Answer C is incorrect. WAP uses TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) to enhance data encryption, but still vulnerable to different password
cracking attacks.

NEW QUESTION 7

Which of the following types of servers are dedicated to provide resources to hosts on the network? (Choose three)

• A. Web servers
• B. Monitoring servers
• C. Mail servers
• D. Default gateway servers
• E. Print servers

Answer: ACE

Explanation:

Following types of servers are dedicated to provide resources to other hosts on the network: Mail servers Print servers Web servers Default gateway does not provide resources to hosts on the network. Monitoring server is not a type of server.

NEW QUESTION 8

You work as a Network Administrator for XYZ CORP. The company has a Windows-based network. You want to use multiple security countermeasures to protect the integrity of the information assets of the company. To accomplish the task, you need to create a complex and multi-layered defense system. Which of the following components can be used as a layer that constitutes 'Defense in depth'? (Choose three)

• A. Backdoor
• B. Firewall
• C. Antivirus software
• D. Intrusion detection

Answer: BCD

Explanation:
The components of Defense in depth include antivirus software, firewalls, anti-spyware programs, hierarchical passwords, intrusion detection, and biometric verification. In addition to electronic countermeasures, physical protection of business sites along with comprehensive and ongoing personnel training enhances the security of vital data against compromise, theft, or destruction. Answer A is incorrect. A backdoor is any program that allows a hacker to connect to a computer without going through the normal authentication process. The main advantage of this type of attack is that the network traffic moves from inside a network to the hacker's computer. The traffic moving from inside a network to the outside world is typically the least restrictive, as companies are more concerned about what comes into a network, rather than what leaves it. It, therefore, becomes hard to detect backdoors.

NEW QUESTION 9

You have detected what appears to be an unauthorized wireless access point on your network. However this access point has the same MAC address as one of your real access points and is broadcasting with a stronger signal. What is this called?

• A. Buesnarfing
• B. The evil twin attack
• C. WAP cloning
• D. DOS

Answer: B

Explanation:
In the evil twin attack, a rogue wireless access point is set up that has the same MAC address as one of your legitimate access points. That rogue WAP will often then initiate a denial of service attack on your legitimate access point making it unable to respond to users, so they are redirected to the 'evil twin'. Answer A is incorrect. Blue snarfing is the process of taking over a PD Answer D is incorrect. A DOS may be used as part of establishing an evil twin, but this attack is not specifically for denial of service. Answer C is incorrect. While you must clone a WAP MAC address, the attack is not called WAP cloning.

NEW QUESTION 10

You work as a Network Administrator for Net World International. The company has a Windows Active Directory-based single domain single forest network. The functional level of the forest is Windows Server 2003. There are ten Sales Managers in the company. The company has recently provided laptops to all its Sales Managers. All the laptops run Windows XP Professional. These laptops will be connected to the company's network through wireless connections. The company's management wants to implement Shared Key authentication for these laptops. When you try to configure the network interface card of one of the laptops for Shared Key authentication, you find no such option. What will you do to enable Shared Key authentication?

• A. Install PEAP-MS-CHAP v2
• B. Enable WEP
• C. Install Service Pack 1
• D. Install EAP-TLS.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Shared Key authentication requires the use of the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) algorithm. If the WEP is not implemented, then the option for Shared Key authentication is not available. In order to accomplish the task, you will have to enable the WEP on all the laptops.

NEW QUESTION 11

You work as a Network Administrator for Tech Perfect Inc. The company has a TCP/IP based switched network. A root bridge has been elected in the switched network. You have installed a new switch with a lower bridge ID than the existing root bridge. What will happen?

• A. The new switch starts advertising itself as the root bridge.
• B. The new switch divides the network into two broadcast domains.
• C. The new switch works as DR or BDR.
• D. The new switch blocks all advertisements.

Answer: A

Explanation:

The new switch starts advertising itself as the root bridge. It acts as it is the only bridge on the network. It has a lower Bridge ID than the existing root, so it is elected as the root bridge after the BPDUs converge and when all switches know about the new switch that it is the better choice. Answer B, C, D are incorrect. All these are not valid options, according to the given scenario.

NEW QUESTION 12

You are the Security Consultant and you frequently do vulnerability assessments on client computers. You want to have a standardized approach that would be applicable to all of your clients when doing a vulnerability assessment. What is the best way to do this?

• A. Utilize OVAL.
• B. Create your own standard and use it with all clients.
• C. Utilize each client's security policies when doing a vulnerability assessment for that client.
• D. Utilize the Microsoft security recommendations.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL) is a common language for security professionals to use when checking for the presence of vulnerabilities on computer systems. OVAL provides a baseline method for performing vulnerability assessments on local computer systems. Answer D is incorrect. While Microsoft security standards will be appropriate for many of your clients, they won't help clients using Linux, Macintosh, or Unix. They also won't give you insight into checking your firewalls or routers. Answer C is incorrect. This would not fulfill the requirement of having a standardized approach applicable to all clients. B is incorrect. This would not be the best way. You should use common industry standards, like OVAL.

NEW QUESTION 13

John works as a Network Administrator for We-are-secure Inc. The We-are-secure server is based on Windows Server 2003. One day, while analyzing the network security, he receives an error message that Kernel32.exe is encountering a problem. Which of the following steps should John take as a countermeasure to this situation?

• A. He should download the latest patches for Windows Server 2003 from the Microsoft site, so that he can repair the kernel.
• B. He should restore his Windows settings.
• C. He should observe the process viewer (Task Manager) to see whether any new process is running on the computer or no
• D. If any new malicious process is running, he should kill that process.
• E. He should upgrade his antivirus program.

Answer: CD

Explanation:

In such a situation, when John receives an error message revealing that Kernel32.exe is encountering a problem, he needs to come to the conclusion that his antivirus program needs to be updated, because Kernel32.exe is not a Microsoft file (It is a Kernel32.DLL file.). Although such viruses normally run on stealth mode, he should examine the process viewer (Task Manager) to see whether any new process is running on the computer or not. If any new process (malicious) is running on the server, he should exterminate that process. Answer A, B are incorrect. Since kernel.exe is not a real kernel file of Windows, there is no need to repair or download any patch for Windows Server 2003 from the Microsoft site to repair the kernel. Note: Such error messages can be received if the computer is infected with malware, such as Worm_Badtrans.b, Backdoor.G_Door, Glacier Backdoor, Win32.Badtrans.29020, etc.

NEW QUESTION 14

You are concerned about rootkits on your network communicating with attackers outside your network. Without using an IDS how can you detect this sort of activity?

• A. By setting up a DMZ.
• B. You cannot, you need an IDS.
• C. By examining your domain controller server logs.
• D. By examining your firewall logs.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Firewall logs will show all incoming and outgoing traffic. By examining those logs you can detect anomalous traffic, which can indicate the presence of malicious code such as rootkits. Answer B is incorrect. While an IDS might be the most obvious solution in this scenario, it is not the only one. Answer C is incorrect. It is very unlikely that anything in your domain controller logs will show the presence of a rootkit, unless that rootkit is on the domain controller itself. Answer A is incorrect. A DMZ is an excellent firewall configuration but will not aid in detecting rootkits.

NEW QUESTION 15

Which of the following security policies will you implement to keep safe your data when you connect your Laptop to the office network over IEEE 802.11 WLANs? (Choose two)

• A. Using personal firewall software on your Laptop.
• B. Using a protocol analyzer on your Laptop to monitor for risks.
• C. Using portscanner like nmap in your network.
• D. Using an IPSec enabled VPN for remote connectivity.

Answer: AD

Explanation:

According to the scenario, you want to implement a security policy to keep safe your data when you connect your Laptop to the office network over IEEE 802.11 WLANs. For this, you will use the following two options:
* 1. Using IPSec enabled VPN for remote connectivity: Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a
standard-based protocol that provides the highest level of VPN security. IPSec can encrypt virtually everything above the networking layer. It is used for VPN connections that use the L2TP protocol. It secures both data and password.
* 2. Using personal firewall software on your Laptop: You can also create a firewall rule to block malicious packets so that you can secure your network. Answer C is incorrect. Portscanner is used for scanning port and tells which ports are open. However, this tool is very much useful in information gathering step of the attacking process, it cannot be used to protect a WLAN network. Answer B is incorrect. You cannot use the packet analyzer to protect your network. Packet analyzer is used to analyze data packets flowing in the network.

NEW QUESTION 16

Anonymizers are the services that help make a user's own Web surfing anonymous. An anonymizer removes all the identifying information from a user's computer while the user surfs the Internet. It ensures the privacy of the user in this manner. After the user anonymizes a Web access with an anonymizer prefix, every subsequent link selected is also automatically accessed anonymously. Which of the following are limitations of anonymizers?

• A. ActiveX controls
• B. Plugins
• C. Secure protocols
• D. Java applications
• E. JavaScript

Answer: ABCDE

Explanation:

Anonymizers have the following limitations: 1.HTTPS: Secure protocols such as 'https:' cannot be properly anonymized, as the browser needs to access the site directly to properly maintain the secure encryption. 2.Plugins: If an accessed site invokes a third-party plugin, there is no guarantee of an established independent direct connection from the user computer to a remote site. 3.Java: Any Java application accessed through an anonymizer will not be able to bypass the Java security wall. 4.ActiveX: ActiveX applications have almost unlimited access to the user's computer system. 5.JavaScript: The JavaScript scripting language is disabled with URL-based anonymizers.

NEW QUESTION 17
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