ISTQB CTFL-Foundation Free Samples 2021

NEW QUESTION 1
The purpose of requirement phase is:

• A. To freeze requirements
• B. To understand user needs
• C. To define the scope of testing
• D. All of the above

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 2
Which of the following statements about risks is most accurate?

• A. Project risks rarely affect product risk.
• B. Product risks rarely affect project risk.
• C. A risk-based approach is more likely to be used to mitigate product rather than project risks.
• D. A risk-based approach is more likely to be used to mitigate project rather than product risks.

Answer: C

Explanation:
In general, project risk and product risk can be hard to differentiate. Anything that impacts on the quality of the delivered system is likely to lead to delays or increased costs as the problem is tackled. Anything causing delays to the project is likely to threaten the delivered system's quality. The risk-based approach is an approach to managing product risk through testing, so it impacts most directly on product risk.

NEW QUESTION 3
What type of test design technique is the most effective in testing screen-dialog flows?

• A. Use case testing
• B. Boundary value testing
• C. Statement testing and coverage
• D. State transition testing

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 4
Which of the following processes ensures that all items of testware are identified, version controlled, tracked for changes, so that traceability can be maintained throughout the test process?

• A. Software traceability process
• B. Incidence management process
• C. Testing design process
• D. Configuration management process

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 5
Which activities form part of test planning?
i) Developing test cases.
ii) Defining the overall approach to testing.
iii) Assigning resources.
iv) Building the test environment.
v) Writing test conditions.

• A. i, ii & iv are true, iii & v are false.
• B. ii & iii are true, i, iv & v are false.
• C. iv & v are true, i, ii & iii are false.
• D. i, ii & iii are true iv & v are fals

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION 6
Testers are often seen as the bearer of unwanted news regarding defects. What are effective ways to improve the communication and relationship between testers and others?
a) Communicate factual information in a constructive way.
b) Try to understand how the other person feels and why they react the way they do. c)Always outsource testing activities. d)Never record information that could be used to apportion blame to an individual or team.

• A. a and b
• B. a, b and c
• C. a, b and d
• D. a and c

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 7
“Experience based" test design techniques, typically...

• A. Use decision tables to generate the Boolean test conditions to be executed.
• B. Identify the structure of the system or software at the component, integration or system level.
• C. Use the skill, intuition and experience of the tester to derive the test cases, using error guessing and exploratory testing.
• D. Establish traceability from test conditions back to the specifications and requirement

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION 8
Which is not in sequence in 11 Step Software Testing process..?

• A. Assess development plan and status
• B. Develop the test plan
• C. Test software design
• D. Test software requirement

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION 9
Before an invoice can be created, an account is required. Before an account can be set up, an account user is required (in order to set up the account). The software is delivered with a master user only, who can only create other types of users. The following test cases have been written to test the high-level structure of the software

• A. Create an invoice
• B. Amend an invoice
• C. Process an invoice (send to customer)
• D. Delete an invoice
• E. Create an account
• F. Create an account user
• G. Amend an account user
• H. Delete an account user
• I. Amend an account
• J. Delete an accountWhich of the following test procedures would enable all tests to be run? [K3]
• K. f, g, a, c, b, d, e, i, j, h
• L. e, i, a, c, b, d, f, g, h, j
• M. e, i, f, g, a, c, b, d, h, j
• N. f, g, e, i, a, b, c, d, j, h

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 10
During the development of a software change for a system, the developer makes a mistake in his work, which leads to a fault in the code. Unfortunately the fault is not found by software testing and is released into live.
What is the definite consequence of this mistake?

• A. The system will fail, causing a defect
• B. If the defect is executed, the system may fail
• C. Loss of money, time, or business reputation
• D. Contractual requirements have not been met by testing

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION 11
Failure is

• A. Incorrect program behavior due to a fault in the program
• B. Bug found before product Release
• C. Bug found after product Release
• D. Bug found during Design phase

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 12
In general, why is it NOT a good idea to estimate the testing effort based only on a percentage of development effort? Identify THREE valid reasons. 1 credit

• A. The quality of the development estimate may be poor.
• B. In general bottom-up estimation is always better than top-down estimation.
• C. The percentage based technique only applies to the V life cycle model.
• D. Using the same percentage every time does not address the level of risk of the application to be tested.
• E. The maturity of the organization, e.
• F. the quality of the test basis, quality of development testing, configuration management, availability of test tools, also influence the effort needed for testing.
• G. It builds on large set of historical data
• H. The result is almost always a too low estimate for the required test effort

Answer: ADE

NEW QUESTION 13
In addition to risk, identify TWO other components of a testing strategy. 1 credit

• A. The entry and exit criteria for each test phase
• B. Test training needs for the project resources
• C. The test design techniques to be used
• D. Test performance indicators
• E. The test schedule

Answer: AC

NEW QUESTION 14
Which statement below BEST describes non-functional testing?

• A. The process of testing an integrated system to verify that it meets specified requirements.
• B. The process of testing to determine the compliance of a system to coding standards.
• C. Testing without reference to the internal structure of a system.
• D. Testing system attributes, such as usability, reliability or maintainabilit

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 15
Which TWO of the following test tools would be classified as test execution tools? [K2]

• A. Test data preparation tools
• B. Test harness
• C. Review tools
• D. Test comparators
• E. Configuration management tools
• F. a and b
• G. c and d
• H. c and e
• I. b and d

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 16
As a result of the RAD based development approach, the test manager has decided to change the risk mitigation approach. Which test technique might be most appropriate to use? 2 credits

• A. Decision Table Testing
• B. Boundary Value Analysis
• C. Error Guessing
• D. Exploratory Testing

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 17
For which of the following activities in the fundamental test process would an incident management tool be most useful?

• A. Test planning and control
• B. Test analysis and design
• C. Test implementation and execution
• D. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting

Answer: C

Explanation:
Incident management tools are most useful during test implementation and execution as this is the stage at which the tool is used to raise, manage, retest and close incidents.
The data collected during the defect life cycle can then be manipulated into information that is useful for other activities within the fundamental test process.
Information on numbers of defects outstanding may be useful for evaluating exit criteria (option (D)). This information could also be used for planning future testing and for taking control (option (A)).
Incident management tools can also assist in test analysis and design (option (B)) as information about defects found when testing the previous release of the system could be used when analyzing the type of testing required for the next enhancement.

NEW QUESTION 18
One of the roles in a review is that of moderator, which of the following best describes this role?

• A. Plans the review, runs the review meeting and ensures that follow-up activities are completed.
• B. Allocates time in the plan, decides which reviews will take place and that the benefits are delivered.
• C. Writes the document to be reviewed, agrees that the document can be reviewed, and updates the document with any changes.
• D. Documents all issues raised in the review meeting, records problems and open point

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 19
Which of the following are valid reasons for adopting a different life cycle (from the V model), for increments after the first year? 2 credits

• A. We do not have a clear understanding of the requirements from a customer perspective.i
• B. We see the risk of delivering requested functionality late as being higher than the risk of delivering a lower quality product.ii
• C. We do not have a budget for additional regression testing which is needed to ensure that existing functionality is not compromised by future iterations.i
• D. The company test strategy does not fit well within the V life cycle model.
• E. (i) and (ii)
• F. (i) and (iv)
• G. (ii) and (iii)
• H. (ii) and (iv)

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 20
Identify the THREE types of formal peer reviews that can be recognized. 1 credit

• A. Inspection
• B. Management review
• C. Walkthrough
• D. Audit
• E. Technical review
• F. Informal review
• G. Assessment

Answer: ACE

NEW QUESTION 21
Which list of levels of tester independence is in the correct order, starting with the most independent first?

• A. Tests designed by the author; tests designed by another member of the development team; tests designed by someone from a different company.
• B. Tests designed by someone from a different department within the company; tests designed by the author; tests designed by someone from a different company.
• C. Tests designed by someone from a different company; tests designed by someone from a different department within the company; tests designed by another member of the development team.
• D. Tests designed by someone from a different department within the company; tests designed by someone from a different company; tests designed by the author.

Answer: C

Explanation:
This option has someone nearer to the written code in each statement. All other options are not in this order.

NEW QUESTION 22
What if the project isn't big enough to justify extensive testing..?

• A. Use risk based analysis to find out which areas need to be tested
• B. Use automation tool for testing
• C. Both a and b
• D. None of the above

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 23
What is the benefit of independent testing?

• A. More work gets done because testers do not disturb the developers all the time.
• B. Independent testers tend to be unbiased and find different defects than the developers
• C. Independent testers do not need extra education and training.
• D. Independent testers reduce the bottleneck in the incident management proces

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION 24
What is the value of static code analysis?

• A. Detection of failures not easily found by other types of testing
• B. Early defect detection
• C. Detection of suspicious operations caused by deviations from regulations
• D. Detect deviations in standards by executing the source code

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION 25
Hand over of Testware is a part of which Phase:

• A. Test Analysis and Design
• B. Test Planning and control
• C. Test Closure Activities
• D. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION 26
Which of the following is a valid drawback of independent testing? 1 credit

• A. Developer and independent testing will overlap and waste resources.
• B. Developers loose the sense of responsibility and independent testers may become a bottleneck.
• C. Independent testers need extra education and always cost more.
• D. Independent testers will become a bottleneck and introduce problems in incident managemen

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION 27
Which of the following test design techniques is classified as a structure-based (white box) technique? [K1]

• A. Exploratory testing
• B. Decision table testing
• C. State transition testing
• D. Statement testing

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 28
Which of the following are valid test objectives? (i)Finding defects.
(ii)Gaining confidence about the level of quality and providing information. (iii)Preventing defects. (iv)Debugging the code.

• A. i, ii and iii
• B. i, ii and iv
• C. ii and iii
• D. i and iv

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 29
Which of the following is a valid reason for writing test cases based on experience and intuition? [K1]

• A. Use of formal techniques requires expensive training
• B. Only experience can ensure all functionality is covered
• C. Tests based on experience and intuition can supplement formal techniques
• D. Formal techniques require the use of expensive tools

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION 30
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