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Q1. For AWS Auto Scaling, what is the first transition state an existing instance enters after leaving steady state in Standby mode?
A. Detaching
B. Terminating:Wait
C. Pending
D. EnteringStandby
Answer: C
Explanation:
You can put any instance that is in an InService state into a Standby state. This enables you to remove the instance from service, troubleshoot or make changes to it, and then put it back into service. Instances in a Standby state continue to be managed by the Auto Scaling group. However, they are not an active part of your application until you put them back into service.
Reference: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AutoScaling/latest/DeveIoperGuide/AutoScaIingGroupLifecycIe.html
Q2. What is the maximum supported single-volume throughput on EBS?
A. 320IV|iB/s
B. 160MiB/s
C. 40MiB/s
D. 640MiB/s
Answer: A
Explanation:
The ceiling throughput for PIOPS on EBS is 320MiB/s.
Reference: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/EBSVo|umeTypes.htm| IIIIIEZIIII HWS-IIEIIII|]S-EII§iII|}|}I‘-PI‘0I|}SSi0IIilI EIIEIII
Q3. You are building a Ruby on Rails application for internal, non-production use which uses IV|ySQL as a database. You want developers without very much AWS experience to be able to deploy new code with a single command line push. You also want to set this up as simply as possible. Which tool is ideal for this setup?
A. AWS CIoudFormation
B. AWS OpsWorks
C. AWS ELB + EC2 with CLI Push
D. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
Answer: D
Explanation:
Elastic BeanstaIk's primary mode of operation exactly supports this use case out of the box. It is simpler than all the other options for this question.
With Elastic Beanstalk, you can quickly deploy and manage applications in the AWS cloud without worrying about the infrastructure that runs those applications. AWS Elastic Beanstalk reduces management complexity without restricting choice or control. You simply upload your application, and Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the details of capacity provisioning, load balancing, scaling, and application health monitoring.
Reference: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstaIk/Iatest/dg/create_depIoy_Ruby_raiIs.html
QUESTION N0: 65
What is the scope of AWS IAM?
A. Global
B. Availability Zone
C. Region
D. Placement Group
Answer: A
Explanation:
IAM resources are all global; there is not regional constraint. Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/iam/faqs/
Q4. Your application consists of 10% writes and 90% reads. You currently service all requests through a Route53 Alias Record directed towards an AWS ELB, which sits in front of an EC2 Auto Scaling Group. Your system is getting very expensive when there are large traffic spikes during certain news events, during which many more people request to read similar data all at the same time. What is the simplest and cheapest way to reduce costs and scale with spikes like this?
A. Create an S3 bucket and asynchronously replicate common requests responses into S3 objects. When a request comes in for a precomputed response, redirect to AWS S3.
B. Create another ELB and Auto Scaling Group layer mounted on top of the other system, adding a tier to the system. Serve most read requests out of the top layer.
C. Create a CloudFront Distribution and direct Route53 to the Distribution. Use the ELB as an Origin and specify Cache Behaviours to proxy cache requests which can be served late.
D. Create a Memcached cluster in AWS EIastiCache. Create cache logic to serve requests which can be served late from the in-memory cache for increased performance.
Answer: C
Explanation:
CIoudFront is ideal for scenarios in which entire requests can be served out of a cache and usage patterns involve heavy reads and spikiness in demand.
A cache behavior is the set of rules you configure for a given URL pattern based on file extensions, file names, or any portion of a URL path on your website (e.g., *.jpg). You can configure multiple cache behaviors for your web distribution. Amazon CIoudFront will match incoming viewer requests with your list of URL patterns, and if there is a match, the service will honor the cache behavior you configure for that URL pattern. Each cache behavior can include the following Amazon CIoudFront configuration values: origin server name, viewer connection protocol, minimum expiration period, query string parameters, cookies, and trusted signers for private content.
Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/Cloudfront/dynamic-content/
Q5. You need to process long-running jobs once and only once. How might you do this?
A. Use an SNS queue and set the visibility timeout to long enough forjobs to process.
B. Use an SQS queue and set the reprocessing timeout to long enough forjobs to process.
C. Use an SQS queue and set the visibility timeout to long enough forjobs to process.
D. Use an SNS queue and set the reprocessing timeout to long enough forjobs to process.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The message timeout defines how long after a successful receive request SQS waits before allowing jobs to be seen by other components, and proper configuration prevents duplicate processing.
Reference: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSSimpIeQueueService/latest/SQSDeveIoperGuide/MessageLifecycIe.ht ml
Q6. You are getting a lot of empty receive requests when using Amazon SQS. This is making a lot of unnecessary network load on your instances. What can you do to reduce this load?
A. Subscribe your queue to an SNS topic instead.
B. Use as long of a poll as possible, instead of short polls.
C. Alter your visibility timeout to be shorter.
D. Use <code>sqsd</code> on your EC2 instances.
Answer: B
Explanation:
One benefit of long polling with Amazon SQS is the reduction of the number of empty responses, when there are no messages available to return, in reply to a ReceiveMessage request sent to an Amazon SQS queue. Long polling allows the Amazon SQS service to wait until a message is available in the queue before sending a response.
Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSSimpIeQueueService/latest/SQSDeveIoperGuide/sqs-long-polling.html
Q7. What is server immutability?
A. Not updating a server after creation.
B. The ability to change server counts.
C. Updating a server after creation.
D. The inability to change server counts.
Answer: A
Explanation:
disposable upgrades offer a simpler way to know if your application has unknown dependencies. The underlying EC2 instance usage is considered temporary or ephemeral in nature for the period of deployment until the current release is active. During the new release, a new set of EC2 instances are rolled out by terminating older instances. This type of upgrade technique is more common in an immutable infrastructure.
Reference: https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/overview-of-deployment-options-on-aws.pdf
Q8. You need to deploy an AWS stack in a repeatable manner across multiple environments. You have selected CIoudFormation as the right tool to accomplish this, but have found that there is a resource type you need to create and model, but is unsupported by CIoudFormation. How should you overcome this chaHenge?
A. Use a CIoudFormation Custom Resource Template by selecting an API call to proxy for create, update, and delete actions. CIoudFormation will use the AWS SDK, CLI, or API method of your choosing as the state transition function for the resource type you are modeling.
B. Submit a ticket to the AWS Forums. AWS extends CIoudFormation Resource Types by releasing tooling to the AWS Labs organization on GitHub. Their response time is usually 1 day, and they complete requests within a week or two.
C. Instead of depending on CIoudFormation, use Chef, Puppet, or Ansible to author Heat templates, which are declarative stack resource definitions that operate over the OpenStack hypervisor and cloud environment.
D. Create a CIoudFormation Custom Resource Type by implementing create, update, and delete functionality, either by subscribing a Custom Resource Provider to an SNS topic, or by implementing the logic in AWS Lambda.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Custom resources provide a way for you to write custom provisioning logic in AWS CIoudFormation template and have AWS CIoudFormation run it during a stack operation, such as when you create, update or delete a stack. For more information, see Custom Resources.
Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCIoudFormation/latest/UserGuide/template-custom-resources.html
You run a 2000-engineer organization. You are about to begin using AWS at a large scale for the first time. You want to integrate with your existing identity management system running on Microsoft Active Directory, because your organization is a power-user of Active Directory. How should you manage your AWS identities in the most simple manner?
A. Use a large AWS Directory Service Simple AD.
B. Use a large AWS Directory Service AD Connector.
C. Use an Sync Domain running on AWS Directory Service.
D. Use an AWS Directory Sync Domain running on AWS Lambda
Answer: B
Explanation:
You must use AD Connector as a power-user of Microsoft Active Directory. Simple AD only works with a subset of AD functionality. Sync Domains do not exist; they are made up answers.
AD Connector is a directory gateway that allows you to proxy directory requests to your on-premises Nlicrosoft Active Directory, without caching any information in the cloud. AD Connector comes in 2 sizes; small and large. A small AD Connector is designed for smaller organizations of up to 500 users. A large AD Connector is designed for larger organizations of up to 5,000 users.
Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/directoryservice/detaiIs/
Q9. You need to perform ad-hoc business analytics queries on well-structured data. Data comes in constantly at a high velocity. Your business intelligence team can understand SQL. What AWS service(s) should you look to first?
A. Kinesis Firehose + RDS
B. Kinesis Firehose + RedShift
C. EMR using Hive
D. EMR running Apache Spark
Answer: B
Explanation:
Kinesis Firehose provides a managed service for aggregating streaming data and inserting it into RedShift. RedShift also supports ad-hoc queries over well-structured data using a SQL-compliant wire protocol, so the business team should be able to adopt this system easily.
Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/kinesis/firehose/detai|s/
Q10. You need your CI to build AMIs with code pre-installed on the images on every new code push. You need to do this as cheaply as possible. How do you do this?
A. Bid on spot instances just above the asking price as soon as new commits come in, perform all instance configuration and setup, then create an AMI based on the spot instance.
B. Have the CI launch a new on-demand EC2 instance when new commits come in, perform all instance configuration and setup, then create an AMI based on the on-demand instance.
C. Purchase a Light Utilization Reserved Instance to save money on the continuous integration machine. Use these credits whenever your create AMIs on instances.
D. When the CI instance receives commits, attach a new EBS volume to the CI machine. Perform all setup on this EBS volume so you don't need a new EC2 instance to create the AMI.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Spot instances are the cheapest option, and you can use minimum run duration if your AMI takes more than a few minutes to create.
Spot instances are also available to run for a predefined duration — in hourly increments up to six hours in length — at a significant discount (30-45%) compared to On-Demand pricing plus an additional 5% during off-peak timesl for a total of up to 50% savings.
Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/spot/pricing/