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2021 Mar 312-50 vce
Q401. Wayne is the senior security analyst for his company. Wayne is examining some traffic logs on a server and came across some inconsistencies. Wayne finds some IP packets from a computer purporting to be on the internal network. The packets originate from 192.168.12.35 with a TTL of
15. The server replied to this computer and received a response from 192.168.12.35 with a TTL of
21. What can Wayne infer from this traffic log?
A. The initial traffic from 192.168.12.35 was being spoofed.
B. The traffic from 192.168.12.25 is from a Linux computer.
C. The TTL of 21 means that the client computer is on wireless.
D. The client computer at 192.168.12.35 is a zombie computer.
Answer: A
Q402. Ron has configured his network to provide strong perimeter security. As part of his network architecture, he has included a host that is fully exposed to attack. The system is on the public side of the demilitarized zone, unprotected by a firewall or filtering router. What would you call such a host?
A. Honeypot
B. DMZ host
C. DWZ host
D. Bastion Host
Answer: D
Explanation: A bastion host is a gateway between an inside network and an outside network. Used as a security measure, the bastion host is designed to defend against attacks aimed at the inside network. Depending on a network's complexity and configuration, a single bastion host may stand guard by itself, or be part of a larger security system with different layers of protection.
Q403. Hackers usually control Bots through:
A. IRC Channel
B. MSN Messenger
C. Trojan Client Software
D. Yahoo Chat
E. GoogleTalk
Answer: A
Explanation: Most of the bots out today has a function to connect to a predetermined IRC channel in order to get orders.
Q404. Which tool/utility can help you extract the application layer data from each TCP connection from a log file into separate files?
A. Snort
B. argus
C. TCPflow
D. Tcpdump
Answer: C
Explanation: Tcpflow is a program that captures data transmitted as part of TCP connections (flows), and stores the data in a way that is convenient for protocol analysis or debugging. A program like 'tcpdump' shows a summary of packets seen on the wire, but usually doesn't store the data that's actually being transmitted. In contrast, tcpflow reconstructs the actual data streams and stores each flow in a separate file for later analysis.
Q405. Attacking well-known system defaults is one of the most common hacker attacks. Most software is shipped with a default configuration that makes it easy to install and setup the application. You should change the default settings to secure the system.
Which of the following is NOT an example of default installation?
A. Many systems come with default user accounts with well-known passwords that administrators forget to change
B. Often, the default location of installation files can be exploited which allows a hacker to retrieve a file from the system
C. Many software packages come with "samples" that can be exploited, such as the sample programs on IIS web services
D. Enabling firewall and anti-virus software on the local system
Answer: D
Far out 312-50 free practice exam:
Q406. Which of the following steganography utilities exploits the nature of white space and allows the user to conceal information in these white spaces?
A. Snow
B. Gif-It-Up
C. NiceText
D. Image Hide
Answer: A
Explanation: The program snow is used to conceal messages in ASCII text by appending whitespace to the end of lines. Because spaces and tabs are generally not visible in text viewers, the message is effectively hidden from casual observers. And if the built-in encryption is used, the message cannot be read even if it is detected.
Q407. John has a proxy server on his network which caches and filters web access. He shuts down all unnecessary ports and services. Additionally, he has installed a firewall (Cisco PIX) that will not allow users to connect to any outbound ports. Jack, a network user has successfully connected to a remote server on port 80 using netcat. He could in turn drop a shell from the remote machine. Assuming an attacker wants to penetrate John's network, which of the following options is he likely to choose?
A. Use ClosedVPN
B. Use Monkey shell
C. Use reverse shell using FTP protocol
D. Use HTTPTunnel or Stunnel on port 80 and 443
Answer: D
Explanation: As long as you allow http or https traffic attacks can be tunneled over those protocols with Stunnel or HTTPTunnel.
Q408. Ethernet switches can be adversely affected by rapidly bombarding them with spoofed ARP responses. He port to MAC Address table (CAM Table) overflows on the switch and rather than failing completely, moves into broadcast mode, then the hacker can sniff all of the packets on the network.
Which of the following tool achieves this?
A. ./macof
B. ./sniffof
C. ./dnsiff
D. ./switchsnarf
Answer: A
Explanation: macof floods the local network with random MAC addresses (causing some switches to fail open in repeating mode, facilitating sniffing).
Q409. An Nmap scan shows the following open ports, and nmap also reports that the OS guessing results to match too many signatures hence it cannot reliably be identified:
21 ftp 23 telnet 80 http 443 https
What does this suggest ?
A. This is a Windows Domain Controller
B. The host is not firewalled
C. The host is not a Linux or Solaris system
D. The host is not properly patched
Answer: D
Explanation: If the answer was A nmap would guess it, it holds the MS signature database, the host not being firewalled makes no difference. The host is not linux or solaris, well it very well could be. The host is not properly patched? That is the closest; nmaps OS detection architecture is based solely off the TCP ISN issued by the operating systems TCP/IP stack, if the stack is modified to show output from randomized ISN's or if your using a program to change the ISN then OS detection will fail. If the TCP/IP IP ID's are modified then os detection could also fail, because the machine would most likely come back as being down.
Q410. Bill has successfully executed a buffer overflow against a Windows IIS web server. He has been able to spawn an interactive shell and plans to deface the main web page. He first attempts to use the “Echo” command to simply overwrite index.html and remains unsuccessful. He then attempts to delete the page and achieves no progress. Finally, he tries to overwrite it with another page again in vain.
What is the probable cause of Bill’s problem?
A. The system is a honeypot.
B. There is a problem with the shell and he needs to run the attack again.
C. You cannot use a buffer overflow to deface a web page.
D. The HTML file has permissions of ready only.
Answer: D
Explanation: The question states that Bill had been able to spawn an interactive shell. By this statement we can tell that the buffer overflow and its corresponding code was enough to spawn a shell. Any shell should make it possible to change the webpage. So we either don’t have sufficient privilege to change the webpage (answer D) or it’s a honeypot (answer A). We think the preferred answer is D