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Q21. An organization has introduced token-based authentication to system administrators due to risk of password compromise. The tokens have a set of numbers that automatically change every 30 seconds. Which of the following type of authentication mechanism is this?
A. TOTP
B. Smart card
C. CHAP
D. HOTP
Answer: A
Explanation:
Time-based one-time password (TOTP) tokens are devices or applications that generate passwords at fixed time intervals. In this case, it’s every 30 seconds.
Q22. Which of the following is a best practice when securing a switch from physical access?
A. Disable unnecessary accounts
B. Print baseline configuration
C. Enable access lists
D. Disable unused ports
Answer: D
Explanation:
Disabling unused switch ports a simple method many network administrators use to help secure their network from unauthorized access.
All ports not in use should be disabled. Otherwise, they present an open door for an attacker to enter.
Q23. A network stream needs to be encrypted. Sara, the network administrator, has selected a cipher which will encrypt 8 bits at a time before sending the data across the network. Which of the following has Sara selected?
A. Block cipher
B. Stream cipher
C. CRC
D. Hashing algorithm
Answer: A
Explanation:
With a block cipher the algorithm works on chunks of data—encrypting one and then moving to the
next.
Example: Blowfish is an encryption system that performs a 64-bit block cipher at very fast speeds.
Q24. An administrator connects VoIP phones to the same switch as the network PCs and printers. Which of the following would provide the BEST logical separation of these three device types while still allowing traffic between them via ACL?
A. Create three VLANs on the switch connected to a router
B. Define three subnets, configure each device to use their own dedicated IP address range, and then connect the network to a router
C. Install a firewall and connect it to the switch
D. Install a firewall and connect it to a dedicated switch for each device type
Answer: A
Explanation:
A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a hardware-imposed network segmentation created by switches. VLANs are used for traffic management. Communications between ports within the same VLAN occur without hindrance, but communications between VLANs require a routing function.
Q25. In which of the following steps of incident response does a team analyse the incident and determine steps to prevent a future occurrence?
A. Mitigation
B. Identification
C. Preparation
D. Lessons learned
Answer: D
Explanation:
Incident response procedures involves in chronological order: Preparation; Incident identification; Escalation and notification; Mitigation steps; Lessons learned; Reporting; Recover/reconstitution procedures; First responder; Incident isolation (Quarantine; Device removal); Data breach; Damage and loss control. Thus lessons are only learned after the mitigation occurred. For only then can you ‘step back’ and analyze the incident to prevent the same occurrence in future.
Q26. A network administrator is configuring access control for the sales department which has high employee turnover. Which of the following is BEST suited when assigning user rights to individuals in the sales department?
A. Time of day restrictions
B. Group based privileges
C. User assigned privileges
D. Domain admin restrictions
Answer: B
Explanation:
The question states that the sales department has a high employee turnover. You can assign permissions to access resources either to a user or a group. The most efficient way is to assign permissions to a group (group based privileges). Then when a new employee starts, you simply add the new user account to the appropriate groups. The user then inherits all the permissions assigned to the groups.
Q27. Identifying a list of all approved software on a system is a step in which of the following practices?
A. Passively testing security controls
B. Application hardening
C. Host software baselining
D. Client-side targeting
Answer: C
Explanation:
Application baseline defines the level or standard of security that will be implemented and maintained for the application. It may include requirements of hardware components, operating system versions, patch levels, installed applications and their configurations, and available ports and services. Systems can be compared to the baseline to ensure that the required level of security is being maintained.
Q28. Which of the following authentication services uses a ticket granting system to provide access?
A. RADIUS
B. LDAP
C. TACACS+
D. Kerberos
Answer: D
Explanation:
The basic process of Kerberos authentication is as follows:
The subject provides logon credentials.
The Kerberos client system encrypts the password and transmits the protected credentials to the
KDC.
The KDC verifies the credentials and then creates a ticket-granting ticket (TGT—a hashed form of
the subject’s password with the addition of a time stamp that indicates a valid lifetime). The TGT is
encrypted and sent to the client.
The client receives the TGT. At this point, the subject is an authenticated principle in the Kerberos
realm.
The subject requests access to resources on a network server. This causes the client to request a
service ticket (ST) from the KDC.
The KDC verifies that the client has a valid TGT and then issues an ST to the client. The ST
includes a time stamp that indicates its valid lifetime.
The client receives the ST.
The client sends the ST to the network server that hosts the desired resource.
The network server verifies the ST. If it’s verified, it initiates a communication session with the
client. From this point forward, Kerberos is no longer involved.
Q29. A technician has implemented a system in which all workstations on the network will receive security updates on the same schedule. Which of the following concepts does this illustrate?
A. Patch management
B. Application hardening
C. White box testing
D. Black box testing
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation: Patch management is the process of maintaining the latest source code for applications and operating systems by applying the latest vendor updates. This helps protect a systems from newly discovered attacks and vulnerabilities. A part of patch management is testing the effects of vendor updates on a test system before applying the updates on a production system, and scheduling updates.
Q30. Ann an employee is visiting Joe, an employee in the Human Resources Department. While talking to Joe, Ann notices a spreadsheet open on Joe’s computer that lists the salaries of all employees in her department. Which of the following forms of social engineering would BEST describe this situation?
A. Impersonation
B. Dumpster diving
C. Tailgating
D. Shoulder surfing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ann was able to see the Spreadsheet on Joe’s computer. This direct observation is known as shoulder surfing.
Shoulder surfing is using direct observation techniques, such as looking over someone's shoulder, to get information. Shoulder surfing is an effective way to get information in crowded places because it's relatively easy to stand next to someone and watch as they fill out a form, enter a PIN number at an ATM machine, or use a calling card at a public pay phone. Shoulder surfing can also be done long distance with the aid of binoculars or other vision-enhancing devices. To prevent shoulder surfing, experts recommend that you shield paperwork or your keypad from view by using your body or cupping your hand.