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2021 Mar 312-50 free question
Q431. Joseph was the Web site administrator for the Mason Insurance in New York, who's main Web site was located at www.masonins.com. Joseph uses his laptop computer regularly to administer the Web site. One night, Joseph received an urgent phone call from his friend, Smith. According to Smith, the main Mason Insurance web site had been vandalized! All of its normal content was removed and replaced with an attacker's message ''Hacker Message: You are dead! Freaks!''
From his office, which was directly connected to Mason Insurance's internal network, Joseph surfed to the Web site using his laptop. In his browser, the Web site looked completely intact. No changes were apparent. Joseph called a friend of his at his home to help troubleshoot the problem. The Web site appeared defaced when his friend visited using his DSL connection. So, while Smith and his friend could see the defaced page, Joseph saw the intact Mason Insurance web site. To help make sense of this problem, Joseph decided to access the Web site using his dial-up ISP. He disconnected his laptop from the corporate internal network and used his modem to dial up the same ISP used by Smith. After his modem connected, he quickly typed www.masonins.com in his browser to reveal the following web page:
H@cker Mess@ge:
Y0u @re De@d! Fre@ks!
After seeing the defaced Web site, he disconnected his dial-up line, reconnected to the internal network, and used Secure Shell (SSH) to log in directly to the Web server. He ran Tripwire against the entire Web site, and determined that every system file and all the Web content on the server were intact.
How did the attacker accomplish this hack?
A. ARP spoofing
B. SQL injection
C. DNS poisoning
D. Routing table injection
Answer: C
Explanation: External calls for the Web site has been redirected to another server by a successful DNS poisoning.
Q432. You have initiated an active operating system fingerprinting attempt with nmap against a target system:
[root@ceh NG]# /usr/local/bin/nmap -sT -O 10.0.0.1
Starting nmap 3.28 ( www.insecure.org/nmap/) at 2003-06-18 19:14 IDT Interesting ports on 10.0.0.1: (The 1628 ports scanned but not shown below are in state: closed) Port State Service 21/tcp filtered ftp 22/tcp filtered ssh 25/tcp open smtp 80/tcp open http 135/tcp open loc-srv 139/tcp open netbios-ssn 389/tcp open LDAP 443/tcp open https 465/tcp open smtps 1029/tcp open ms-lsa 1433/tcp open ms-sql-s 2301/tcp open compaqdiag 5555/tcp open freeciv
5800/tcp open vnc-http
5900/tcp open vnc
6000/tcp filtered X11
Remote operating system guess: Windows XP, Windows 2000, NT4 or 95/98/98SE Nmap run completed -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.334 seconds
Using its fingerprinting tests nmap is unable to distinguish between different groups of Microsoft based operating systems - Windows XP, Windows 2000, NT4 or 95/98/98SE.
What operating system is the target host running based on the open ports shown above?
A. Windows XP
B. Windows 98 SE
C. Windows NT4 Server
D. Windows 2000 Server
Answer: D
Explanation: The system is reachable as an active directory domain controller (port 389, LDAP)
Q433. What port number is used by LDAP protocol?
A. 110
B. 389
C. 445
D. 464
Answer: B
Explanation: Active Directory and Exchange use LDAP via TCP port 389 for clients.
Q434. An attacker is attempting to telnet into a corporation’s system in the DMZ. The attacker doesn’t want to get caught and is spoofing his IP address. After numerous tries he remains unsuccessful in connecting to the system. The attacker rechecks that the target system is actually listening on Port 23 and he verifies it with both nmap and hping2. He is still unable to connect to the target system.
What is the most probable reason?
A. The firewall is blocking port 23 to that system.
B. He cannot spoof his IP and successfully use TCP.
C. He needs to use an automated tool to telnet in.
D. He is attacking an operating system that does not reply to telnet even when open.
Answer: B
Explanation: Spoofing your IP will only work if you don’t need to get an answer from the target system. In this case the answer (login prompt) from the telnet session will be sent to the “real” location of the IP address that you are showing as the connection initiator.
Q435. Steven the hacker realizes the network administrator of Acme Corporation is using syskey in Windows 2008 Server to protect his resources in the organization. Syskey independently encrypts the hashes so that physical access to the server, tapes, or ERDs is only first step to cracking the passwords. Steven must break through the encryption used by syskey before he can attempt to use brute force dictionary attacks on the hashes. Steven runs a program called "SysCracker" targeting the Windows 2008 Server machine in attempting to crack the hash used by Syskey. He needs to configure the encryption level before he can launch the attack. How many bits does Syskey use for encryption?
A. 40-bit encryption
B. 128-bit encryption
C. 256-bit encryption
D. 64-bit encryption
Answer: B
Regenerate 312-50 exam:
Q436. What do you call a system where users need to remember only one username and password, and be authenticated for multiple services?
A. Simple Sign-on
B. Unique Sign-on
C. Single Sign-on
D. Digital Certificate
Answer: C
Explanation: Single sign-on (SSO) is a specialized form of software authentication that enables a user to authenticate once and gain access to the resources of multiple software systems.
Q437. Which are true statements concerning the BugBear and Pretty Park worms?
Select the best answers.
A. Both programs use email to do their work.
B. Pretty Park propagates via network shares and email
C. BugBear propagates via network shares and email
D. Pretty Park tries to connect to an IRC server to send your personal passwords.
E. Pretty Park can terminate anti-virus applications that might be running to bypass them.
Answer: ACD
Explanations: Both Pretty Park and BugBear use email to spread. Pretty Park cannot propagate via network shares, only email. BugBear propagates via network shares and email. It also terminates anti-virus applications and acts as a backdoor server for someone to get into the infected machine. Pretty Park tries to connect to an IRC server to send your personal passwords and all sorts of other information it retrieves from your PC. Pretty Park cannot terminate anti-virus applications. However, BugBear can terminate AV software so that it can bypass them.
Topic 17, Physical Security
432. Joseph has just been hired on to a contractor company of the Department of Defense as their senior Security Analyst. Joseph has been instructed on the Company’s strict security policies that have been implemented and the policies that have yet to be put in place. Per the Department of Defense, all DoD users and the users of their contractors must use two-factor authentication to access their networks. Joseph has been delegated the task of researching and implementing the best two-factor authentication method for his company. Joseph’s supervisor has told him that they would like to use some type of hardware device in tandem with a security or identifying pin number.
Joseph’s company has already researched using smart cards and all the resources needed to implement them, but found the smart cards to not be cost effective. What type of device should Joseph use for two-factor authentication?
A. Security token
B. Biometric device
C. OTP
D. Proximity cards
Answer: A
Explanation: A security token (sometimes called an authentication token) is a small hardware device that the owner carries to authorize access to a network service. The device may be in the form of a smart card or may be embedded in a commonly used object such as a key fob. Security tokens provide an extra level of assurance through a method known as two-factor authentication: the user has a personal identification number (PIN), which authorizes them as the owner of that particular device; the device then displays a number which uniquely identifies the user to the service, allowing them to log in.
Q438. Dan is conducting a penetration testing and has found a vulnerability in a Web Application which gave him the sessionID token via a cross site scripting vulnerability. Dan wants to replay this token. However, the session ID manager (on the server) checks the originating IP address as well. Dan decides to spoof his IP address in order to replay the sessionID. Why do you think Dan might not be able to get an interactive session?
A. Dan cannot spoof his IP address over TCP network
B. The server will send replies back to the spoofed IP address
C. Dan can establish an interactive session only if he uses a NAT
D. The scenario is incorrect as Dan can spoof his IP and get responses
Answer: B
Explanation: Spoofing your IP address is only effective when there is no need to establish a two way connection as all traffic meant to go to the attacker will end up at the place of the spoofed address.
Q439. Steven is a senior security analyst for a state agency in Tulsa, Oklahoma. His agency is currently undergoing a mandated security audit by an outside consulting firm. The consulting firm is halfway through the audit and is preparing to perform the actual penetration testing against the agency’s network. The firm first sets up a sniffer on the agency’s wired network to capture a reasonable amount of traffic to analyze later. This takes approximately 2 hours to obtain 10 GB of data. The consulting firm then sets up a sniffer on the agency’s wireless network to capture the same amount of traffic. This capture only takes about 30 minutes to get 10 GB of data.
Why did capturing of traffic take much less time on the wireless network?
A. Because wireless access points act like hubs on a network
B. Because all traffic is clear text, even when encrypted
C. Because wireless traffic uses only UDP which is easier to sniff
D. Because wireless networks can’t enable encryption
Answer: A
Explanation: You can not have directed radio transfers over a WLAN. Every packet will be broadcasted as far as possible with no concerns about who might hear it.
Q440. In which of the following should be performed first in any penetration test?
A. System identification
B. Intrusion Detection System testing
C. Passive information gathering
D. Firewall testing
Answer: C